对癌症患者而言,天然气泡矿泉水是一种健康饮品吗?

充足的水合作用对每个人的健康都很重要,正在接受癌症治疗的人群尤甚。有些患者可能会对特定饮品——例如:天然气泡矿泉水(seltzer water)或其它碳酸水(carbonated waters)是否应计入他们的水合作用指标。我们采访了丹娜—法伯癌症研究所的营养专家Mae Reilly(Mae Reilly, MS, RD, LDN, CNCS),来解答有关近年来备受欢迎的天然气泡矿泉水的问题。

关于抗血管生成食物的科学解密

  随着肿瘤的生长,它们往往会生成与人体循环系统相连接的血管。这些血管则成为了肿瘤扩散所需营养素的输送导管。血管再生术(angiogenesis)指得是用药物阻断血管生成过程的技术,医界已批准该技术科用于治疗一些特定类型的癌症,如:结肠癌(colon cancer)、肺癌(lung cancer)、乳腺肿瘤(breast tumors)以及其它类型的癌症。 研究建议,存在于某些食物中的化合物或许也可以抑制血管再生,这些食物包括但不限于:绿茶、红葡萄、羽衣甘蓝(kale)以及洋蓟(artichokes)。但是,丹娜—法伯癌症研究所的营养学家Stacy Kennedy(Stacy Kennedy, MPH, RD, CSO, LDN)指出,这并不意味着上述食物就可以作为处方疗法的补充品或替代品。 原因何在?迄今为止,针对该领域的研究都是在实验室用的细胞样本或动物模型中完成的,尚未投入到癌症患者的临床试验中。所以,含有阻碍血管再生能力的食物能否真正延缓或组织人体肿瘤生长的议题还没有明确答案。 其次,Kennedy指出:仅靠或能组织血管再生这一点来选择食物代表了一种狭隘的健康饮食观点。她说道: “在植物中,我们已经发现很多导致抗血管生成的化合物。一份均衡的膳食包括多种以植物为基础的食物(plant-based foods),特别是深绿色多叶蔬菜、水果、坚果、种籽、豆科植物,以及鱼类和其它精益蛋白质” 。 就像Kennedy描述的那样,一份健康的膳食可为癌症患者带来一系列的好处,且有可能帮助缓解炎症(inflammation)并控制常见的疗法副作用,如:便秘(constipation)和疲劳。有些食物或许可以干扰肿瘤血管再生的可能性,对某些患者来说在膳食中加入这些食物的摄取是可以的,但是Kennedy强调:该做法不能仅作为一个人大量摄取以植物为主的膳食的动力。 关于含有阻碍血管再生化合物的食物是否真的能惠及患者,相关的准确答案或许还要从哈佛大学(Harvard University)带领的一项近期研究中寻找。在该研究中,科学家们正在探究:对比预期疗法反应更佳的患者们是否在膳食、环境、态度方面有共通之处。 点击此处了解更多关于丹娜—法伯癌症研究所营养学项目的信息。 转载须知 阁下若有媒体联络需求,敬请致电617-632-4090,请阁下指明与媒体团队洽谈;或请发邮件至media@dfci.harvard.edu。阁下如欲转载本文,请发邮件至kun_ma@dfci.harvard.edu,未经授权禁止转载,感谢合作。

生酮饮食和癌症:患者必知事项

  生酮饮食(ketogenic diet,或简称keto diet)指的是脂肪含量多、蛋白质含量中低、碳水化合物含量极低的食物。这类食物给人体带来酮症(ketosis),从而导致了酮类(ketones)分子的形成。当人体因缺少碳水化合物而被迫燃烧脂肪以补充能量时,上述过程就会发生。 有这样一种传言:一份生酮食谱可以帮助癌症患者 “把癌细胞饿死” ,通过阻止癌细胞借由葡萄糖来补充能量和生长而实现。但是,有没有能够证明生酮食谱真的能在癌症治疗中给患者带来好处的证据呢? 当下,尚未有确凿的证据能够证明一份生酮食谱能让癌症患者受益。相关的临床试验正在探索针对癌症患者的生酮食谱的启发,但还未有任何研究成果面世。 坚持一份生酮食谱是很有挑战性的,特别是对癌症患者而言,很多人都或许会从治疗中经历副作用。一份生酮食谱需要人们严格执行膳食计划,其中包括:像培根、多脂奶油和黄油等高脂肪食物,与此同时,还要严格限制如淀粉类蔬菜的摄入,包括:番薯、全谷物以及某些特定的水果。这种饮食习惯上的巨大改变会导致呕吐、消化不良、无意识的体重减轻以及风险增高的营养不良的现象。 传说中的生酮饮食的益处对癌症患者而言还不明显,但是其潜在的风险也引人深思。对于采取生酮食谱的人群而言,他们的饮食摄入或许很难达到能量和蛋白质所需的标准,且这类食谱或许会引发长期的问题,包括:肾脏损害、胆固醇水平更高、无意识的体重减轻、骨质疏松,以及某些维生素和矿物质的缺乏。 对于对生酮饮食感兴趣的患者而言,他们或许会被推荐一种更温和的饮食摄入方法。现在有证据表明,在典型的膳食中减少精致碳水化合物的摄入,并增加健康脂肪的消耗对一个人的整体健康水平有益。在调整饮食前,请务必与您的医生和执业营养师进行咨询。 从我们的健康图书馆阅读更多来自丹娜—法伯营养学家推荐的食谱,或者访问丹娜—法伯/布莱根和妇女医院癌症中心的营养学信息。 转载须知 阁下若有媒体联络需求,敬请致电617-632-4090,请阁下指明与媒体团队洽谈;或请发邮件至media@dfci.harvard.edu。阁下如欲转载本文,请发邮件至kun_ma@dfci.harvard.edu,未经授权禁止转载,感谢合作。

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