增强免疫系统、保持安全的小窍门

发布时间:2023年11月20日 作者:Lukas Harnisch-Weidauer 医学审校:Christina Conte博士(Christina Conte, RD) 随着打喷嚏、流涕的流感季节来临,您的免疫系统得到强化是对抗流感必不可少的一环。 人体的免疫系统有着复杂的作用机制,它帮助我们不受细菌和病毒的侵袭,对很多接受癌症治疗的患者尤为重要。许多化疗会损伤免疫系统,这是因为化疗会对所有快速生长的细胞——包括对抗感染的白细胞——发起攻击。 有些白血病(leukemia)、淋巴瘤(lymphoma)或者多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma)患者需要接受干细胞移植(stem cell transplant)或者骨髓移植(bone marrow transplant)治疗。正因这些治疗替换了产生抗感染所需要的白细胞,在移植后的一段时间里,随着免疫系统的重置,患者会十分虚弱。 因此,丹娜—法伯癌症研究所设立了营养服务科,以一对一的形式为患者制定营养学指南,让患者在治疗期间和生存期都能享受到这项服务。此外,患者还可以享受莱奥纳多·P ·扎奇姆综合疗法和健康生活中心的团体项目和线上指南。 每位患者的需求都是各异的,因此您需要遵循自己医疗团队的医嘱。我们就如何强化免疫力采访了扎奇姆中心的营养学协调员——Christine Conte博士,供您参考。 坚持均衡膳食 保持免疫系统健康的基础是一份以全谷物为主的健康饮食。Conte博士指出:“这是我的的首要建议。” 这包括一份综合了蔬菜和水果的食谱,因为它们含有有益于人体免疫系统的重要维生素和矿物质。蛋白质在免疫系统里也扮演着关键的角色,因为它负责构建和修复细胞。 最后,保持膳食均衡:摄入全谷物和奶制品,两者都有益于人体健康。 不要依赖补充剂 Conte博士强调,相比吃补充剂,人体所需的关键营养素更应该来源于天然食品。她解释道:“我们知道,当我们进食并从食物中摄取营养素时,我们的身体更容易获取。” 此外,有关补剂安全性也引起了学界一些担忧:有些补剂弊大于利。尽管我们的身体对很多维生素和矿物质的阈值很高,但长期或者大量摄入补剂可能会导致中毒。 诚然,对于缺乏维生素和矿物质的人而言,补剂也许至关重要,但前提是在执业营养师的指导下科学服用。 Conte博士指出:“要谨慎行事,只有在医生建议下,您才需要依赖补剂。” 维生素C 很多食物都含有提高免疫力的维生素C,包括: 南瓜 柑橘 蔓越莓 冬瓜 作为一种抗氧化物,维生素C不仅中和了自由基(free radicals,细胞损伤分子),还促进了白细胞的增长,从而抵抗感染。这也是我们人体无法自然产生的一种维生素,因此我们需要从食物中摄入。 维生素D 维生素D促进免疫细胞生成抗微生物的蛋白质,同时缓和某些白细胞破坏炎症反应,从而支持免疫系统运作。 维生素D并不从食物中获取,人体大多数的维生素D都是通过户外阳光生成的。当然,在严寒、冬季流感盛行和寒冷季节里,人体免疫系统正在努力工作时,从户外获取维生素D可能会很难。 有一些天然含有维生素D的食物,如: 多脂鱼(如鳟鱼、三文鱼和鲭鱼) 某些谷物 橙汁 酸奶 然而,用补剂来补充维生素D也许对您也有帮助。医生可以通过血检,测出您体内的维生素水平,如果判定您缺乏某些维生素,医生则会为您转诊到专业的营养师处做进一步咨询。 确保睡眠充足、坚持运动 除了摄入身体的食物,您对身体做出的行为也会影响免疫力的强弱。规律、健康的睡眠对确保得到身体所需的休息量至关重要。当您在睡觉时,您的身体会释放关键的蛋白质,增强身体的防御机制。 保持身体的活跃不仅减轻压力,对免疫系统也有益。Conte博士解释道:“我们了解到,当人体处于压力状态下,免疫系统会受损。”您可以定期走路,锻炼身体,或者参加丹娜—法伯扎奇姆中心的课程,都是减压的好方法。 除上述建议外,您还可以参考很多其他的方法,保持健康。最重要的一点就是勤洗手。保证食品安全的方法之一,就是在备菜时彻底清洁农产品,烹饪肉类时要确保肉里的温度达到165华氏度(73.8摄氏度),这样可以杀死所有食源性疾病。 您还可以访问扎奇姆中心网站,了解更多有关健康的课程、免疫力的网络研讨会和烹饪技巧。 转载须知 阁下若有媒体联络需求,敬请致电617-632-4090,请阁下指明与媒体团队洽谈;或请发邮件至media@dfci.harvard.edu。阁下如欲转载本文,请发邮件至kun_ma@dfci.harvard.edu,未经授权禁止转载,感谢合作。

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