Improving Everything: Movement and Exercise Helped Breast Cancer Patient Restore Her Mobility and More

 When Sandra Noack returned home from a visit to Bogota, Colombia, to visit her family, there was a letter waiting for her. It was a leaflet sent via the Massachusetts Department of Public Health describing a clinical trial at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute for Latina and Hispanic breast cancer survivors.  The trial didn’t involve any medicine. … Read more

Bispecific Antibody Therapy for Lymphoma: What You Need to Know   

Bispecific antibody therapies are a type of immunotherapy for patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These therapies provide a valuable new option for patients.  There are many standard therapies that are monoclonal antibodies. These therapies treat cancer by binding to a marker on cancer cells and rallying the immune system to destroy them.  Bispecific antibodies are … Read more

BCL2 Inhibitors: What’s the Latest Research?

BCL2 inhibitors are drugs that prompt cancer cells to die by altering the interactions among key proteins within the cells. They were clinically developed, in large part, by researchers at Dana-Farber and have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia … Read more

What is Protein Degradation? 

Protein degradation is a natural process by which cells break down proteins that are damaged or no longer needed so they can be recycled or disposed of.  Scientists at Dana-Farber and elsewhere are harnessing this process to destroy specific proteins involved in cancer, an approach known as targeted protein degradation. In contrast to traditional targeted … Read more

丹娜—法伯癌症研究所临床试验一览

发布日期:2023年12月1日 作者:Rob Levy 临床试验(clinical trials)是指在人群中测试新药物、诊断程序和其它疗法,检验它们是的安全性和有效性。如今,近乎所有的癌症药物都经历了临床试验的检验。 如果您确诊患癌,那么参加临床试验可能会有很多好处。临床试验不仅有助于您自身的治疗,还能帮助医生为当前和以后的患者开发更好的疗法。 参加临床试验的另一个好处是,您的治疗团队相对庞大,这涉及到临床医生、科研人员、科研协调员、科研护士、技工人员、社会工作者、辅助团队和其他医护专业人士,他们携手并进,共同呵护您的治疗。研究表明,额外的关注会提高患者的预后水平。 尽管临床试验检测的新疗法可能比标准疗法好,但这并不是板上钉钉的,这也是学界对新疗法展开测试的原因。然而,随着科技的进步,以及从分子层面研究癌症,以临床试验为切入点,学界在开发更高效能的新药和降低毒性方面的能力也在逐步提高。 由于临床试验的数量庞大,加上专业术语的晦涩,有时患者很难判断出哪项临床试验最适合自己。因此,您可以咨询肿瘤内科学家,或者参考一些有关临床试验的常见问答。 血液癌症患者(如:白血病或淋巴瘤)在全美范围内有更多参与临床试验的机会,点击此处了解更多相关信息。 除此之外,您还可以观看此视频,了解参与临床试验的风险和益处。丹娜—法伯也开设了一系列可供您选择的临床试验。点击此处了解全美范围内开设的癌症临床试验。 我怎样知道自己适不适合参加临床试验? 正因设计临床试验的目的是解决具体的问题,那么参与试验的患者里,有多少人能从新疗法中获益?什么样的患者受益最多?临床试验有哪些常见的副作用?有多严重?所以,临床试验往往只对某些特定的患者开放。 每项临床试验都有详细的招募门槛,即资格标准(eligibility criteria)。资格标准的设定以所患的癌症类型或亚型为基础,也许还涉及以下限制门槛: 年龄 性别 疾病分期 共存的健康问题 先前治疗的数量和种类 在报名之前,临床医生会对可能参与试验的患者进行详细的阐述,包括试验的目的、潜在的益处和风险,以及试验的日程安排。患者还会收到书面的知情同意书,以供阅览和考量。在医生的见证下,参与临床试验的患者还需要签署正式的同意文件。 总体而言,用于评估新疗法的临床试验对此前没有治疗过的患者或者已经接受过疾病标准治疗的患者开放。有些临床试验会将已知有效的标准疗法与有可能改善疗效的新疗法对比,这一过程被称为随机化(randomization)。 美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)开设网站clinicaltrials.gov,已列举了200多个国家的超过30万个临床试验。用户可根据病种查询,每项临床试验也标明了资格标准、治疗方案的详细信息、可选择的治疗地点、联系方式等。对于自己是否符合某项临床试验标准,患者和家属可以咨询肿瘤专家。因为新临床试验不断开展,所以请您务必时常刷新相关的网页,查看您符合标准的那项试验近期是否开始招募患者。 怎样找到适合我的临床试验? 在绝大多数癌症中心里,肿瘤学家会经常推荐患者参加本院或附近医院的临床试验。在丹娜—法伯癌症研究所,我们开发一个名为MatchMiner的电脑应用程序,医师可根据患者肿瘤细胞的基因突变信息,为患者快速查询相关的临床试验。 开发者对这一程序的最终愿景是全部开放源代码,惠及其它机构的临床试验带头人和患者。 患者也可以自行搜寻临床试验信息。以白血病和淋巴癌学会(Leukemia & Lymphoma Society)和美国癌症协会(American Cancer Society)为代表的倡导团体也会定期主持线上讨论会,分享临床试验的相关信息。有些患者会求助患者代言人(也称患者导航员),让后者在医疗体系中为患者保驾护航,在必要时帮患者寻找合适的临床试验。 患者可以同时参与多个临床试验吗? 总体而言,患者一次只能参加一项治疗性的临床试验。这是因为临床试验是针对一项特定治疗或治疗方案而设计的。参与多项临床试验会让研究人员难以区分每项实验本身的风险和益处。 然而,患者在参与新疗法实验的同时,可以参与肿瘤库实验(tumor-banking trial)。肿瘤库试验收集并储存肿瘤组织,以供后续分析,如:研究人员或可判断出哪些肿瘤最有可能响应哪些药物,以及哪些肿瘤转移的风险性最大。 在有些病例中,患者可以同时参加治疗性质和生活方式干预的临床试验,后者研究膳食和运动变化的效果。请务必向您的医生和护理团队咨询适合自己的临床试验,以及同时能否参加一项以上的试验。 从失败的临床试验中可以学到什么? 如果一项临床试验表明,新疗法不比标准疗法好,这是令人大失所望的。但是失败的结果也告诉我们一些有价值的信息,这有可能挽救生命。 如果实验性疗法的疗效不比当前治疗的好,临床试验会被判定为“失败”。这些“负面”的成果也很重要,原因如下:它们既帮患者免于空欢喜一场,又过滤了没有价值的药物,还帮助研究人员节省时间和金钱,不至于浪费在无效或者毒性过大的治疗上。 有些临床试验发现标准疗法本身即无效。例如:长久以来,针对早期乳腺癌女性患者,医生会展开一项常见的预防性手术——腋窝淋巴清扫术(axillary lymph node dissection),以防止乳腺癌转移。这项手术不仅会导致手臂肿胀,称为淋巴水肿(lymphedema),还伴有痛苦的副作用。但2011年发表的一项临床试验表明,接受腋窝淋巴清扫术的女性并不比那些没切除淋巴结的女性生存期长。根据2016年发布的一项报告显示,2011年发现的负面成果很快导致了同样的患者接受腋窝淋巴清扫术的比例下降50%。 转载须知 阁下若有媒体联络需求,敬请致电617-632-4090,请阁下指明与媒体团队洽谈;或请发邮件至media@dfci.harvard.edu。阁下如欲转载本文,请发邮件至kun_ma@dfci.harvard.edu,未经授权禁止转载,感谢合作。

Cell Therapy Advances with Lift from Cell Manipulation Core Facility 

A recent phase 1 trial of a form of cellular gene therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD) conducted at Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Hospital showed promise that led to an ongoing nationwide phase 2 initiative. Among the authors of the paper describing the results were six unsung heroes whose behind-the-scenes efforts made such a trial possible. Those unsung heroes … Read more

How Dana-Farber Investigators Seize Opportunities to Advance Medicine

Investigators who run investigator-initiated trials (IITs) have two essential qualities. One is curiosity, which keeps them alert, aware of discoveries, and able to make connections that lead to new treatment ideas.   The second is determination.   “The burden of responsibility for what is typically a many-year-long study falls on that one investigator,” says Ursula Matulonis, MD, … Read more

Things to Know About NUT Carcinoma 

What is NUT carcinoma?  NUT carcinoma, formerly known as NUT-midline carcinoma, is a rare but very aggressive cancer that can develop anywhere in the body but usually starts in the head, neck, and lungs. It’s a squamous cell cancer — meaning it begins in squamous cells, which line hollow organs such as the windpipe and … Read more

What Are The Types of Lung Cancer? 

There are several types of lung cancer. On a basic level, lung cancers fall into two main subtypes: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).  Just as each person is unique, every lung cancer is unique. At Dana-Farber’s Lowe Center for Thoracic (Lung) Cancer Treatment Center, oncologists work with a team … Read more

Can Less Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Yield the Same Results? 

Colon and rectal cancer combined are the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancers.  Eighty percent of patients are diagnosed at a stage of disease when treatment is given with curative-intent.  However, treatment can have both short- and long-term side effects that may impact quality of life.   To address these concerns, investigators at Dana-Farber have led clinical … Read more